Anyone with a computer and internet access can run a node. To set up a node, it’s required to download the blockchain’s software and connect to the network. Once active, the node can verify transactions and share data with others.

Types of nodes

Blockchain networks rely on different types of nodes. Each has a distinct function.

Full nodes store the entire blockchain history. They validate all transactions and blocks by checking them against the network’s rules. Full nodes operate independently and reject invalid data. They also provide new nodes with a full copy of the ledger. Bitcoin and Ethereum rely on full nodes to maintain network integrity.

Miner nodes are used in proof-of-work systems. They validate transactions by solving cryptographic puzzles. The first miner to solve the puzzle adds a new block and receives a reward. Mining requires high computing power. These nodes help secure the network by making tampering expensive and inefficient.

Validator nodes work on proof-of-stake networks. Validators are chosen based on the amount of cryptocurrency they lock in the system. They confirm transactions and propose new blocks. Misbehavior can result in financial penalties, including loss of part or all of the locked stake.

Light nodes use simplified payment verification (SPV) and depend on full nodes to confirm accuracy. Light nodes are used in mobile wallets and other low-resource environments.