Imagine you have a secret message you don’t want anyone else to read. Let’s say your message is:

“I love ice cream”

But you don’t want your friend’s little brother to see it. So, you use a secret code to change the message into something that looks like complete nonsense. Maybe it turns into:

*“X g74# Jz8& !2@”

Now, only someone who knows the secret code (or has the right “key”) can turn it back into the original message. This scrambled version is called ciphertext; it hides your real message!

There are different ways to scramble (or encrypt) a message

→ Substitution cipher

Swap letters with different ones. If A → B and B → C, then “CAT” might become “DBU.”

→ Transposition cipher

Mix up the order of letters. “HELLO” could turn into “LOHLE.”

→ Block cipher

Scramble chunks of the message instead of just letter by letter.

→ Public and Private Key Encryption

One key locks (encrypts) the message, and a different key unlocks (decrypts) it.

The whole idea of ciphertext is to keep your message safe so only the right person can read it. Without the key or method to decode it, it looks like random gibberish!

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